Today's Brief 21-22/05/2025

IE Analysis:https://youtu.be/fUNMrxkNB7o?si=YRsQObWQmwndancz

1 .MAHASAGAR:

(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)

The Indian Navy successfully completed a major refit of the Maldivian Coast Guard Ship MNDF Huravee at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai, highlighting strong diplomatic and military cooperation between the two countries.

The refit was done as part of India’s commitment to regional maritime security under the vision of ‘Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth for All in the Region (MAHASAGAR)’ and its ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy.

2 .Pope Francis has passed away. 1  He died on April 21, 2025, at the age of 88

3 .Great Indian Bustard (GIB):

(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)

India has achieved a significant breakthrough in the conservation of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB), becoming the first nation to successfully breed the species through artificial insemination.

The initial success came in October 2024 with the hatching of the first GIB chick conceived through this method at the Sudasari Breeding Center in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.

Building upon this landmark achievement, India continued its efforts, reaching another milestone on April 20, 2025, with the hatching of the third artificially inseminated GIB chick at the Desert National Park, also in Jaisalmer.

4 .India's core sector,

(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)

which comprises eight key infrastructure industries accounting for about 40.27% of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), experienced a growth of 3.8% in March 2025 compared to the same month last year. This figure represents an increase from the revised growth of 3.4% in February 2025. 

The growth in March was primarily driven by strong performances in cement (11.6%), fertilizers (8.8%), steel (7.1%), and electricity (6.2%) production. Refinery products also saw a marginal increase of 0.2%, while coal production grew by 1.6%. 

However, crude oil and natural gas production witnessed contractions of 1.9% and 12.7%, respectively, during the month.

For the entire financial year 2024-25 (April 2024 to March 2025), the cumulative growth of the eight core industries stood at 4.4%, which is lower than the 7.6% growth recorded in the previous fiscal year. 

5 .Jeddah

General Studies Paper-I (250 Marks) – Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society

, the bustling commercial capital of Saudi Arabia, is a historic port city on the Red Sea coast and the principal gateway for millions of Muslim pilgrims traveling to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Renowned as the “Bride of the Red Sea”, Jeddah seamlessly merges ancient heritage with modernity, epitomizing Saudi Arabia’s transformative ambitions under Vision 2030. Its strategic location has made it a trade hub for over 2,500 years, flourishing under Ottoman rule and later becoming integral to the Kingdom’s economy.

The city’s Al-Balad district, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcases iconic coral-stone architecture and vibrant souqs, while landmarks like the King Fahd Fountain (the world’s tallest) and futuristic projects like the Jeddah Tower (set to be the tallest building globally) highlight its blend of tradition and innovation.

As home to the Jeddah Islamic Port Saudi Arabia’s busiest the city drives regional trade, finance, and tourism, supported by initiatives like the Jeddah Central Project to boost entertainment and infrastructure.

Despite rapid urbanization challenges like traffic congestion and environmental concerns, Jeddah remains a cultural beacon, celebrated for its seafood cuisine, annual Jeddah Season festival, and role in Hajj logistics, solidifying its status as a symbol of Saudi Arabia’s past, present, and future.

6 .El Salvador,

General Studies Paper-I (250 Marks) – Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society

the smallest country in Central America, is a land of volcanic landscapes, vibrant culture, and complex history. Nestled between Guatemala, Honduras, and the Pacific Ocean, its capital, San Salvador, lies in a region prone to earthquakes and volcanic activity, such as the iconic Santa Ana Volcano.

Once home to Indigenous Pipil and Lenca civilizations, El Salvador endured Spanish colonial rule until independence in 1821, followed by a brutal 12-year civil war (1980–1992) that left deep societal scars.

Today, the nation grapples with legacies of gang violence (MS-13 and Barrio 18) and poverty, though President Nayib Bukele’s controversial anti-crime crackdowns since 2019 have sharply reduced homicide rates, drawing both praise and human rights criticism.

Economically, El Salvador relies on remittances (24% of GDP), manufacturing, and agriculture (notably coffee), while its groundbreaking adoption of Bitcoin as legal tender in 2021 a world first aims to boost financial inclusion despite global skepticism.

Culturally, El Salvador is celebrated for pupusas (UNESCO-recognized stuffed tortillas), festivals like the Fiesta de San Salvador, and the archaeological treasure Joya de Cerén, a farming village preserved by volcanic ash.

Environmental challenges, including deforestation and climate vulnerability, compound its struggles, yet the resilient “Land of Volcanoes” remains a focal point for discussions on migration, security, and innovative policy in Central America.

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