Today's Brief 20/11/2024

IE Analysis:https://youtu.be/TIQw-pPE5Tk?feature=shared

(GS Paper III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management ) 

1 .ATACMS (GS Paper-3): Army Tactical Missile System It is a ground-to-ground missile system developed by Lockheed Martin. capable of carrying a variety of warheads, including conventional high-explosive and cluster munitions. They are primarily used for precision strikes against high-value targets such as command centers, airfields, and logistics hubs

The ATACMS missile system has a maximum range of 300 kilometers (186 miles). It is launched from a modified M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) launcher.

2 .high-altitude sickness(GS PAPER-3): also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when a person ascends to high altitudes, typically above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters), too quickly. The reduced oxygen levels and atmospheric pressure at these heights can lead to various symptoms, which range from mild to severe.

Symptoms

1. Mild (Acute Mountain Sickness - AMS):

   • Headache

   • Nausea or vomiting

   • Fatigue or weakness

   • Dizziness or lightheadedness

   • Insomnia

   • Loss of appetite

2. Moderate to Severe (High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema - HAPE or High-Altitude Cerebral Edema - HACE):

   • Shortness of breath, even at rest (HAPE)

   • Chest tightness or congestion (HAPE)

   • Confusion or disorientation (HACE)

   • Loss of coordination (HACE)

   • Cyanosis (bluish skin, lips, or nails)

   • Extreme lethargy or unconsciousness

Causes

• Ascending too rapidly without proper acclimatization.

• Exertion at high altitudes.

• Pre-existing conditions like heart or lung issues (in some cases).

Risk Factors

• Rapid ascent without acclimatization.

• Living at low altitudes and traveling to high elevations.

• History of altitude sickness.

• Physical exertion at altitude.

Prevention

1. Acclimatization:

   • Gradual ascent (e.g., not more than 1,000 feet per day above 8,000 feet).

   • Spending 1-2 days at intermediate altitudes.

2. Hydration:

   • Drink plenty of water but avoid alcohol and caffeine.

3. Medication:

   • Acetazolamide can help speed acclimatization.

   • Consult a doctor before taking it.

4. Minimize Physical Activity:

   • Avoid overexertion during the initial days.

5. Know Your Limits:

   • Descend immediately if severe symptoms appear.

Treatment

1. Mild Cases:

   • Rest and avoid further ascent.

   • Over-the-counter pain relief (e.g., ibuprofen) for headaches.

   • Hydration.

2. Severe Cases (HAPE or HACE):

   • Immediate descent to a lower altitude.

   • Oxygen supplementation.

   • Portable hyperbaric chambers can be life-saving.

   • Medications like dexamethasone for HACE or nifedipine for HAPE under medical supervision.

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