Today's Brief 31/12/2024

IE Analysis: https://youtu.be/p-DT56IW9jc?feature=shared

JN Analysis:

1 .H-1B Visa system:

General Studies-II (250 marks)Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations.

The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa in the United States that allows U.S. employers to temporarily employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. 

These occupations typically require  a bachelor's degree or the equivalent in a specific field.

 Some examples of specialty occupations include:

• Mathematics

• Engineering

• Technology

• Medical sciences

Key Points about the H-1B Visa:

• Specialty Occupation: The position must require theoretical and practical application of specialized knowledge, typically requiring at least a bachelor's degree.

• Employer Sponsorship: A U.S. employer must sponsor the foreign worker and10 filethe necessary petitions with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

• Temporary Visa: The H-1B visa is a temporary visa, typically initially granted for three years and potentially extendable for a maximum of six years.

• Limited Availability: The H-1B visa has an annual cap, with 65,000 visas available each fiscal year and an additional 20,000 visas for foreign professionals with a master's degree or higher from a U.S. institution.

• Dual Intent: The H-1B visa is considered "dual intent," meaning that you can apply for permanent residency (a green card) while on an H-1B visa. However, obtaining a green card requires a separate process.

2 .Parker Solar Probe:

General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management

The Parker Solar Probe is a NASA spacecraft launched on August 12, 2018, as part of NASA’s Living with a Star program. It is the first spacecraft to fly into the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona, with the mission of studying the Sun’s structure, behavior, and its effect on the solar system.

The Parker Solar Probe is named after Dr. Eugene Parker, the astrophysicist who first proposed the concept of the solar wind.

Mission Goals

1. Study the Corona: The probe aims to unravel why the corona is much hotter than the Sun’s surface, which remains one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics.

2. Understand Solar Wind: By directly sampling the solar wind, the spacecraft collects data to help explain how it is accelerated.

3. Magnetic Field Exploration: The mission aims to better understand the magnetic fields at the source of solar wind and solar energetic particles.

4. Improve Space Weather Predictions: Data from the Parker Solar Probe helps improve predictions of solar storms that can affect Earth’s communication systems, power grids, and satellites.

Design and Key Features

• Heat Shield: The probe uses a revolutionary Thermal Protection System (TPS) made of a carbon-composite shield, which can withstand temperatures up to 2,500°F (1,377°C) while keeping the instruments cool.

• Close Approach: The spacecraft is designed to travel closer to the Sun than any spacecraft before it, with its closest approach—called perihelion—being within 4 million miles (6.4 million km) of the Sun's surface.

• High Speed: It is the fastest human-made object, traveling at speeds of up to 430,000 miles per hour (700,000 km/h) at its closest approaches to the Sun.

Mission Progress

The Parker Solar Probe has completed multiple close passes around the Sun, each one bringing it closer to the corona. It has already provided groundbreaking insights into:

• The structure of the solar wind.

• The nature of "switchbacks," sudden reversals in the Sun's magnetic field.

• The behavior of plasma waves in the Sun's atmosphere.

3. 39th President of USA Jimmy Carter Passes away at 100

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